Transportation Of Hazardous Goods Research Articles

Fleet management enterprise systems and traffic control synergies: a literature review and research agenda

Synergies between fleet management enterprise systems and traffic control systems for information sharing and collaborative planning can contribute to significant improvements to operational efficiency, safety and environmental impact. This paper provides a synthesis of the extant body of research on synergies between fleet management and traffic control systems identifying five key topics in prior research and suggesting research directions. The findings are based on a systematic literature review and topic modelling with the use of natural language processing (Latent Dirichlet Allocation). The five topics identified are related to: hazardous goods transportation, environment and emissions, position tracking and navigation technologies, traffic management and fleet operations´ optimization. The two most frequent topics link to social responsibility (minimizing accidents during hazardous goods transportation and minimizing environmental impact) indicating the relevance of this area of research to sustainability. Despite the strong potential for synergies between intelligent transportation systems and enterprise fleet management systems, the review identified a paucity of research on the coordination between real-time fleet management and traffic control measures (e.g. ramp metering, route guidance, variable speed limits and signal control).

Management of transport of hazardous materials

Transportation of hazardous goods is a demanding and risky job. The greatest risks, dangers and consequences for the population and the environment are associated with the transport of hazardous goods. Today, numerous systems and software packages have been developed, the aim of which is to improve the performance of this type of transport and mitigate the consequences of possible accidents. By monitoring and adaptive management of the transport of hazardous goods in road traffic, the consequences of traffic accidents can be repaired more quickly and the movement of vehicles with hazardous goods can be directed to safer routes.

Risk assessment for berthing of hazardous cargo vessels using Bayesian networks

Life and property losses along environmental pollution caused by accidents in the transportation of hazardous goods have raised serious concerns over the efficient handling of hazardous cargo vessels in a port environment. Very few studies have explicitly aimed the dynamic risk associated with hazardous cargos in a ship berthing scenario. Corresponding to these concerns, this study is aimed to assess the risks concomitant to the berthing of hazardous cargo vessels. The methodology adopted for this study is the combination of binary logistics regression & expert judgment for the identification of various influencing factors, and the Bayesian networks environment for the inference and analysis of these factors. The results indicate that under normal conditions the hazardous cargo vessel risk has a comparatively lower probability of 3.97, but its risk score indicates that it cannot be ignored and requires attention to be solved. Setting evidence at hazardous cargo accident, human and environment proves to be the most significant contributors. Environmental factor is the most prominent factor, which at its full effect, raises the accident probability to 14.91 with a risk score of 9.17 which is a highly dangerous class II risk requiring immediate solution. This study indicates that training along the mental & psychological state of ship crew, wind force, water velocity, channel width, berth layout and port location are the significant factors that the authorities need to focus on for invulnerable berthing of a hazardous cargo vessel. This study has prominent practical viability for conducting risk management and planning for hazardous cargo vessels.

The Impact of the Human Factor on the Safety of Transportation of Dangerous Goods

This article brings up important safety issues pertaining to the transportation of hazardous goods: estimating risk and modeling human factors as the main cause of road accidents. For the purposes of this article, the concept of risk assessment has been depicted in a general manner while the “band” model, which takes human, technical and road factors into account, has been depicted in detail. The band model was implemented in calculation of accident probability in the transportation of hazardous goods. Heuristic techniques or, more precisely, fuzzy set techniques were used in the modeling of human factors. The model was conceived based on the bibliography of the subject matter and personally conducted survey and expert research.

New multi-criteria LNN WASPAS model for evaluating the work of advisors in the transport of hazardous goods

Successfully organizing the transport of hazardous materials and handling them correctly is a very important logistical task that affects both the overall flow of transport and the environment. Safety advisors for the transport of hazardous materials have a very important role to play in the proper and safe development of the transport flow for these materials; their task is primarily to use their knowledge and effort to prevent potential accidents from happening. In this research, a total of 21 safety advisors for the transport of hazardous materials in Serbia are assessed using a new model that integrates Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers (LNN) and the WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) method. In this way, two important contributions are made, namely a completely new methodology for assessing the work of advisors and the new LNN WASPAS model, which enriches the field of multi-criteria decision making. The advisors are assessed by seven experts on the basis of nine criteria. After performing a sensitivity analysis on the results, validation of the model is carried out. The results obtained by the LNN WASPAS model are validated by comparing them with the results obtained by LNN extensions of the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution), LNN CODAS (COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment), LNN VIKOR (Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) and LNN MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) models. The LNN CODAS, LNN VIKOR and LNN MABAC are also further developed in this study, which is an additional contribution made by the paper. After the sensitivity analysis, the SCC (Spearman Correlation Coefficient) is calculated which confirms the stability of the previously obtained results.

Factors influencing on the environment during hazardous goods transportation by the sea

Some goods transported by sea can be hazardous during transport because of their chemical nature. They are classified as dangerous goods. It is estimated that more than half of packed goods and bulk cargoes transported by sea today can be regarded as dangerous, hazardous or harmful to the environment. The most significant situations during sea transportation of dangerous goods which have impact on the environment are uncontrolled release of liquid into the environment, gas emissions and waste generation. Sea transport of dangerous goods is regulated by IMO regulations, EU regulations and national legislation. It is regulated in order to prevent possible accidents and injuries, damaging goods and environment pollution. In order to ensure that such transport keeps on being profitable and environmentally friendly, emphasis is placed on the quality and condition of infrastructure, transport safety, and carefully focused supervision and control. Measures to improve the environment include detailed standards of packing, marking, labelling, documentation, stowage, quantity limitations, exceptions and notifications. This paper includes analysis of the action aimed at preventing and minimizing sea pollution caused by transportation of dangerous goods.

Individual risk evaluation and interventions for mitigation in the transportation of hazardous goods: a case study

The transport of hazardous substances is an economic activity essential for goods’ transference chain. However, the risk in transporting hazardous materials is related to the occur of accidents causing environmental damages and public health dangerous consequences. A quite recent Italian example is the Viareggio accident (2010), which involved a train with tank cars containing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which caused more than thirty deaths. This paper describes the safety state in the Varese district (an area of northern Italy with a very high population density and industrial activities), with the aim at comparing the current situation (considering the risks due to the transportation of hazardous materials on the main motorways and main national roads) with a potential scenario that introduces a few mitigating interventions, such as a partial conversion from road haulage to rail transport. This comparison can be accomplished by developing the existing intermodal platforms and implementing new ones in strategic areas.

Design of Real Time Monitoring System for Dangerous Goods Transportation Based on DSP

To solve the hazardous goods transportation equipment state real-time monitoring and control system with TMS320F2812 of TI company as the core, through the shaping of the sensor into the alcohol gas signal, filtering, amplification, a / D conversion, A / D conversion using F2812 comes with 12 bit A / D converter, continuous sampling signal monitoring gas concentration change and through the acquisition of temperature and humidity signal, the gas concentration data were temperature and humidity compensation, accurate measurement, calibration gas data can be secondary sound and light alarm, and the MAX232 and PC data transfer, at any time to check and call history. Good monitoring and control to make the system more stable. System mainly includes sensor for gas detection, temperature detection pass, humidity sensor, signal conversion and processing unit, A / D conversion circuit, sound and light alarm unit, RS232 communication module, the battery monitoring unit, a gas pump control unit. DSP main program using modular programming, completed the DSP initialization of the main program module, real-time communication with the PC module and system function module test program design. Laboratory research on gas monitoring and control system scheme is designed in this paper for tankers physical model. and on this basis, focusing on the completion of the core part of the control system in the control card design and implementation. This system can realize the monitoring of the whole process of leakage of hazardous goods transport equipment, once dangerous goods transport vehicles of hazardous chemicals spill occurred, the system can real-time detection to the leakage and alarm, the modern crisis of goods logistics provides a security solution.

Seafaring staff scheduling

This paper treats a problem of sealing teams’ scheduling where the equity between them is the main objective specifically at the level of journeys bonuses which varies for each occupied post. Indeed, there are three types of posts: permanent posts, special posts which are booked for fuels and hazardous goods transportation and reinforcement posts if needed. The interval of weekly rest hours and the interval of hours between consecutive posts present an important criterion for the problem. We provide a mathematical formulation of the problem based on the goal programming in which we adapt an analytical hierarchy process method to determine weights of various objectives. Also, we provide the adaptation of the GRASP method to resolve the real cases. It is worth mentioning that we used a real data of a Tunisian company called SONOTRAK.

Models for the Hazardous Goods Railway Transportation in Spain Considering the Effect of the Catchment Area of the Station

The determination of the catchment area is an essential step when building a transportation demand model. The purpose of this work is the development of a generation and attraction model for the rail transport of hazardous goods in Spain. The observations for the model correspond to the volume of hazardous goods carried between the railway stations of ADIF, the Spanish rail network administrator. Another model has also been developed for those flows having origin or destination in the railway stations located in Andalusia, the southernmost region of Spain. In order to improve the fit of the model it was assumed that the area of influence of each station was directly related to the distance to the province capitals. Specifically for each station a new set of explanatory variables was obtained by weighting the original province level variables according to the distance to the station and to a weighting exponent. The transformation of the explanatory variables by means of a distance decay function allows assessing adequately the catchment area of the railway stations considered in the model.

A Novel Approach to Multi-criteria Route Selection Problem Based on Fuzzy AHP and Amoeba Algorithm

Route selection is one of the fundamental problems concerned in many real-world applications, such as road navigation, transportation of hazardous goods. Various approaches have been presented to deal with this problem using AHP. However, in many cases, the preference of the expert cannot be expressed by crisp numbers effectively. In this paper, the amoeba algorithm is combined with fuzzy AHP to deal with the route selection problem. The preferences of the expert are represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. Then through fuzzy AHP, the weights for different criteria can be constructed. By weighted sum, the total priority index for each edge in the network can be obtained. Finally, the optimal path in the network can be found using amoeba algorithm. An example is illustrated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Independent power supply for commercial vehicle trailers

This work was motivated by the need to provide electric power to commercial trailers during phases when they are disconnected from their tractor vehicles. The obvious approach to use batteries is not recommended owing to their unsatisfactory energy density, service life and charging cycles. As an alternative, in this paper a pneumaticelectrical approach is proposed and analysed. The main points discussed are the system design and the control strategies required for an optimal energy conversion. The ideas proposed are applied to an electronically controlled air suspension system. Using a laboratory test bench, the main results are verified experimentally. Additional benefits, such as energy recuperation, are discussed. The theoretical considerations and the experimental results confirm that a pneumatic-electrical system is a promising option. Simple integration into the existing pneumatic system and, therefore, minimum weight and installation space, simple scalability to changing power demands, high quality of dynamic response and the ability to conform with the regulations for the transport of hazardous goods are some of the main advantages.

Analysis of Influence Factors and Countermeasures on the Safety of Hazardous Goods Transportation on Road

In order to improve the safety of road hazardous goods transportation and decrease the accidents, the management process of hazardous goods transportation is taken as the main research object in this paper. The fault tree is established to seek out the primary factors influencing on the hazardous goods transportation on road, and the safety proposals are presented.

THE TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE: A CONTRIBUTION TO IMPROVE THE PRESENT TECHNICAL-JUDICIAL MODEL

The expression "the transboundary movement of hazardous waste" refers, from the technical point of view, to a series of phases that begin with the creation of a hazardous waste and includes its identification according to international, regional and national standards, its delivery to specialized companies and its movement from the exporting country to the importing country; these phases end with the final destination of the waste (disposal or recovery). From the judicial point of view, this same expression means a set of international regulations, at the UN level, a judicial model constituted by various Multilateral Environmental Agreements-MEAs and in particular the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions. In spite of this model, an international market, dominated in certain strategic points by a chain of organized crime, has become established over the last 30 years, with consequent adverse effects on human health and the environment as well as on trade and competition. The illegal movement and transport of hazardous goods and waste undermine international policies and enforcement efforts and put law-abiding businesses at an economic disadvantage. It is here taken into account that there are in fact two judicial models that have to be referred to. Apart from the previously mentioned one, it is necessary to take into consideration the international judicial hazardous goods and waste transport model. The former model is examined (1) from a general point of view and during the various phases; (2) as far as the controls that the international regulations foresee along the chain are concerned; (3) with a case study concerning the PCB category, a category which is very vast and whose contents are sometimes considered as hazardous goods and sometimes as wastes. Because of the great complexity of the problems and in order to have a clear picture, a specific second study, which is closely connected to the first, has been conducted on the technical-judicial aspects of transport. The aim of both studies was to offer useful instruments to decision makers to help them make efficacious interventions. The different interpretations of the basic concept of waste at an international, regional and national level, together with the lack of clearly defined borders between the concept of waste and that of goods, are weak points of the regulations. The unresolved problem in the initial part of the model affects all the phases of the transboundary movement of waste. In particular, the important phase of controls, which in itself is already difficult and costly, is unable to reach its objectives. Decision makers should first of all intervene by establishing a univocal definition of waste and goods. However, the technical-judicial problem can only be resolved by legal practitioners and technical experts in the sector who are known to be super partes at an international level. In particular, it is necessary to monitor the increasingly rapid technological evolution in order to be able to identify what is waste, or has become so and what are (or continues to be) goods, considering the various degrees of development throughout the planet. Only once these aspects have been clarified will a more efficacious control of all the elements that make up the chain be possible.

THE INTERNATIONAL MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS GOODS AND WASTE

The international multimodal transport of hazardous goods and waste is a sector of remarkable economic importance. This transport activity is connected to several productive sectors and it can have conside rable repercussions on the environment and health as well as on the safety of the workers and third parties that study in the same field. A certain part of the tran sport of hazardous goods and waste is managed by organized criminals who can obtain enormous savings by neglecting the measures necessary to protect the environment and safety. The legitimate economy is thus damaged and, above all, the efforts the International Community has made since the fifties- sixties, concerning the regulation of the complex aspects of this activity, are undermined. Two disti nct judicial models exist at an international level concerning hazardous waste and goods: “transboundary movement” and “international transport”. The purpose of these models is to regulate a phenomenon which, although very complex and articulated, requires a homogeneous view. The international mult imodal transport judicial model is here examined in 3 subsequent stages: (1) the general aspects and th e details along the entire chain, starting from the loading operations, then going on to the transport itself and ending up with the unloading at its fina l destination; (2) the controls on the respect of int ernational legislation on this topic; (3) a study c ase is conducted pertaining to the extensive PCB category which, from a judicial point of view, in certain ca ses can be considered hazardous goods and in other case s hazardous waste. The aim of the study is to suppl y decision makers with indications that can be used to improve the efficacy and the effectiveness of the regulati ons at a UN level and of the cascading particular agreements fo r the various means of transport. The international multimodal transport judicial model suffers from the uncertain ties that were already encountered for the transbor der movement model, with particular reference to the la ck of a unique interpretation of what is waste and what are goods at an international, regional and national le vel. This difficulty, which was already present in the first model, has negative repercussions on the second one and di minishes the efficacy and effectiveness of the inte rventions put into place to solve the real problems of multim odal transport which, if considered separately, wou ld be valid. Even the controls, which are basically objectively complex and costly, come up against difficulties ri ght from the beginning. Finally, the study case of PCBs also sho ws that the lack of a solution to the fundamental p roblem reduces the various operations inherent to transpor t to almost just a heavy bureaucratic practice, whi ch suffers from practical implications that make it difficult to reach the objectives of protecting the environme nt and safety that the model has established. The attention of de cision makers should be concentrated on two fundamental aspects. The first concerns the fundamental theme o f the difference between goods and waste which, bei ng unresolved, weakens many parts of the two models and results in the amplification of the problems on t he second model. The second aspect regards the controls that should be conducted. The improvement of the technicaljudicial model requires the combined study of exper ts, from both the judicial and technical fields.

A method to assess multi-modal Hazmat transport security vulnerabilities: Hazmat transport SVA

The suggested Hazmat transport Security Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) methodology presents a user-friendly approach to determine relative security risk levels of the different modes of hazardous freight transport (i.e., road, railway, inland waterways and pipeline transportation). First, transport routes are divided into smaller route segments. Second, likelihood scores of security-related accidents in which dangerous freight is involved and possibly causing fatalities in the surrounding population, are determined per route segment. Third, the consequences of accident scenarios (using reference products and spatial plans) are calculated in terms of the number of people within the 1% lethality distance of the accident center. Fourth, using these likelihood scores and consequence figures, transport route security risk levels are determined. Fifth, transshipment risks are considered for determining the final transport route security risk levels. This leads to a multi-modal user-friendly security threat assessment tool which can be used by policy makers as well as by industrialists (shippers or Logistics Service Providers). The generic method allows for comparing the security risk levels of the different route segments and routes of transportation of hazardous goods and for taking countermeasures from a uni-modal as well as from a multi-modal perspective.

Influence of Society Changes on the Model of Hazardous Goods Road Transportation

The transportation of hazardous goods represents an economic activity whose consequences can have serious impact on the safety of transportation, the environment and human health. With the aim of reviewing the elements that affect the activity, this article presents a model for the transportation of hazardous goods of which, generally, there are two forms: the theoretical model for the transportation of hazardous goods, which represents the goal for the establishment of relations on the transportation of hazardous goods services market; and the real model for the transportation of hazardous goods, which represents an adaptation of the theoretical model to the status in a specific localised region. The research, which was conducted as part of the principal author’s Ph.D. thesis, illustrates the exceptional influence of the society changes within a specific country. The theoretical model for the road transportation of hazardous goods is transposed into the real transportation services environment in Slovenia and it presents its transition and incorporation into the common EU transportation service market. KEY WORDS: transportation policy, model of the road transportation of hazardous goods

Transportation Risk ANalysis tool for hazardous Substances (TRANS) – A user-friendly, semi-quantitative multi-mode hazmat transport route safety risk estimation methodology for Flanders

The paper develops a methodology for assessing the relative risk levels in moving hazardous materials by various transport modes. Transportation Risk ANalysis tool for hazardous Substances (TRANS) divides routes into smaller segments using multi-criteria analysis and likelihood scores of accidents in which dangerous cargoes are involved possibly causing fatalities. The consequences of accident scenarios are calculated in terms of the number of people within 1% of the lethal distance from the accident centre. This provides a user-friendly, semi-quantitative risk analysis tool. The generic method allows for comparing the risk levels of the segments of routes used in the transportation of hazardous goods.

The improvement of hazardous goods transportation technology

Abstract This article analyses the conception of the improvement of hazardous goods transportation technology as well as its theoretical principles. Basic organizational aspects of hazardous goods safe transportation are also represented. Effective and safe hazardous goods transportation is possible only using good informational supply. Process modelling and the creation of hazardous goods transportation informational system can improve each hazardous goods transportation technological process. This system should join its components on the whole and coordinate state institutions. The article studies the experience of foreign countries in the creation of informational systems. In the world developed countries various methods of safe dangerous goods transportation are used. This article analyses the types of informational technologies application problems, shows their schemes. It is noted that the solution of transport technology problems is based on the improvement of technological supply, the rational usa...

THE IMPROVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS GOODS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY

This article analyses the conception of the improvement of hazardous goods transportation technology as well as its theoretical principles. Basic organizational aspects of hazardous goods safe transportation are also represented. Effective and safe hazardous goods transportation is possible only using good informational supply. Process modelling and the creation of hazardous goods transportation informational system can improve each hazardous goods transportation technological process. This system should join its components on the whole and coordinate state institutions. The article studies the experience of foreign countries in the creation of informational systems. In the world developed countries various methods of safe dangerous goods transportation are used. This article analyses the types of informational technologies application problems, shows their schemes. It is noted that the solution of transport technology problems is based on the improvement of technological supply, the rational usage of informational modelling methodology of the whole transportation process.